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BREBGH LOADING FIRE ARM.

Patentie Feb. Z,A 1892.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3. 0. W. BERGMAN. BREEGH LUADING FIRE ARM.

No. 468,127'. Patented Feb. 2, 1892.

(No Model.) A sheets-sneer 1.

Y 0. W. BBRGMAN.

BRBEGH LOADING PIRE ARM. No. 468,127. Patented Pb. 2, 1892.

Q LEM? 5 ASheets-Sheet; 5.

(No Model.)

0. W. BERGMAN. BRBEGH LOADING PIRE ARM.

Patented Feb. 2, 1892.

.S 7 @i M m .w y, .Z Nm O .L @A ha UNITED STATES PATENT OEETCE.

OSCAR WIT-.IIAM BERGMAN, OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN.

BRE-ECH-LOADING FIRE-ARM.

`SPEC?IIEICA'IIIZON forming part'of Letters Patent No. 468,127, dated February 2, 1892.

Application iiled December 9, 1890. Serial No. 374,123. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, OsoAleWILLTAM BERG- MAN, residing at Gothenburg, in the Kingdom of Sweden,have invented new and usefulImprovements in Breech-Loading Fire-Arms, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to military or sporting rities or small-arms with or without magazines and to machine-guns operated either by hand or automatically by the force of the recoil, and comprises the improvements hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation of a machine-gun constructed according to my invention and adapted tobeoperated either by hand or by the recoil, the breech being shown closed andthe mechanism in the position it occupies immediately after the gun zo'las been red. Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of the gun'wvith the breech open. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the gun. Figs.' 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are transverse sections taken, respectively, on the lines a b, e i lo, l rm., p q, c d, and g h orflignl.v -FiglLrepresents various views of a cartridge-feeding belt and one of its clips. Figs. 12,-13,and 14 are views of modifications hereinafter described. Fig. 14 shows in detail the eccentric operated by the handle. Fig. 15 represents the spring bearing against the breech-piece with its ange. Fig. 16 shows the working handle. Fig. 17 is a) view of the slide. Fig. 18 shows views ot' the lever operating the cam-spindle.

' Fig. 23' represents the hamnre.Y Fig. 24. is the lever operating the cartridgemechanism. Fig. -25 is the rod operating said lever. Fig. 26 shows in detail the ca m-block. Fig. 27 'shows the trigger. Fig. 28 isa detail view of the pusher. Fig. 29 is a plan view of the gun with the top parts removed.` Fig. 30is an enlarged det-ail view of the upper left-hand portion of Fig. 1. Fig. 3l is a cross-section on the line 1 2,- Fig. 30. Fig. 32 is an enlarged detail view of the upper central portion of Fig. 1,. f

Similar letters refer to similar parts.

vneedle and extractor carrier.

K is afralne or box which incloses the whole of the mechanism of the gun.. Said frame can be provided with trunnions for supporting the gun, the seating for the elevating-screw, the handle J, and the sights N N.

My breech mechanism contains two principal parts-namely, what I term a camblock. A, Figs. 26, 30, and 3l, and a bolt or (Indicated by the letter B, Figs. 21, 29, and 32.) Said bolt and carrier are located in a breech-piece or frame C, Figs. 20, 29, 3l, and 32, which is securedto the barrel G. The block-A is` pivoted on a horizontal pin I, and has in its side a cam-groove a3. In this cam-groove a3 rests a stud b', said-stud being fastened to B, Figs. 29 and 32.

a is a handle onthe outer end of the block A. As the cam-block A is oscillated on Aits axis I, the introduction and extraction of the cartridges are performed by the block or carricr- B, contained in the breech-piece C, said block being supplied at its forward end with extractors b4 b5, Figs. 3 and 2l. The carrier B containsl the firing-pin D. The shock of the discharge is primarily receivedby the carrier B and transmitted to the block A,

which by its axisY I transmits the pressure to,VY

the breech-piece or frame C, in which thepin I hasits bearin gs. That portion of the groove as with which the carrier is in engagement' when 'the breech is closed is made concentric with the,A axis I, upon which the blockl A turns, so that the said carrier is allowed to remain stationary during the rst part of the upward movement of the block A. The rest of the groove a3 is so shaped -as to rapidly move the carrier B backward during the remainingpart of the upward movement of A.4 On theblock A and concentric ,with its axis kor pivot I is formed a segment of, cog-teeth 0.2, which engages lwith the rack H, fixed to the frame K,so that during the longitudinal movement of the breech-piece C the block A is made to turn on its axis I to open and close the breeeh-piece, the pin I sliding in a bearing in the shell K, and a slot in thesrear end of the cam-block A, as shown in Fig. 29.

-E is the hammer, which is placed in a groove of fthe blocli A in such alposition that when the block A is movedto open the breech IOO the said hammer will be cocked, as hereinafter described.

F is the mainspring for actuating the hammer E. l

L. is the trigger, which is held inits normal posltion in engagement with the hammer E by means of the spring Z', as shown in Fig. 30. One endof the top of the trigger is beveled or grooved'on an angle, as shown in Fig. 27, and rests on the downwardlyinclined push rod O, as shown in Fig. 1. By pushing the rod O forward the trigger L will be raised and released from con-tact with the hammer E. A

M is a cranked lever resting on andl above the feed-belt Q. This lever and the worm R are placed to the rear and above the entrance of the barrel on a part of the frame K, which 1s closed by a lid or cover P. The worm Ris actuated by a cranked lever S, oscillated by the recoil of the barrel through the medium of the rod T, Fig. 3. The entire mechanism can,be moved backward and forward by hand .by rotating a crank-handle U, Figs.' 16 and 29, which is connected with the pin I through a slide V, which converts the circular movement of the crank into a horizontal movement of the interior mechanism. A lateral lever or spring-catch, Figs. 18 and 29, acts upon the pin I, Figs. 19 and 29, by means of a' threaded nut at the end of said lever Working with a 'thread in the end of said pin in such a manner as to slide said 'pin in the' direction of its length, either into or out of the hole prepared for its reception in the slide V, Figs. 17 and 29, thereby making the pin dependent on or independent from the handle U. (See Figs. 3, 4, and 29.)

X is a spring within the frame bearing between the rear end of the breech-piece C and the stationary abutment Y and tending to force the whole mechanism forward after the recoil. 1 4 'Y Inasmuch as in certain cases a very rapid firin g is called for, the mechanism of my machine-gun can be made -to eifect the feed, ex'- plosion, and discharge of every cartridge in a way to-produce an almost uninterrupted firing by pressing only the trigger O.

In operation the cartridge feed-belt Q is introduced in the opening below the cover P until the first cartridge comes in contact with one of the threads of the Worm R. By turning thehandle U not only the barrel G and the breech-piece C will be recoiled7 but.l also the whole mechanism contained therein. By this recoil the worm R is turned by means of the spiral grooves 4", Fig. 3, iti being turned by the lever S, which is actuated by the rod T, Fig. 3. By' continuing the rotarymovement of the crank-handleU the first cartridge ,is brought'directly above the barrel, thus p ut-k same a circle is described onv its axis, which carries an eccentric u', engaging with the The handle U serves to put the slide V, and advances or retracts-said slide. The pivot I of the cam-block A, traversing the breech-piece C, can be voluntarily engaged with the opening fu', Fig. 3, in the slide V. This cam, in communication with the whole system, participates on the recoil movement. This uniting ofthe p'in I with the slide V is accomplished by means of the lever W, Figs. 1S and 29, which is 'adjusted to the extremity of the pin I at the point t', where the said pin is 4provided with a spiral groove and can be made to advanceby depressing the lever W, as before stated.- The pinl I is provided with a longitudinal groove, in which slides a stud .fixed tothe breechpiece to prevent the turning of the said pin I. The whole mechanism being thus united, the rotation of the handle U will transmit tal movement to the'breech-piece C and the .85 through the slide V and the pin I a horizonbarrel G.. The cam A is oscillated by the' contact of its segment cog-teeth a? with the teeth of the rack H whenever the breechpiece recoils, and also when it advances. In the'breech-piecev C, between the barrel G and the cam A, is the carrier B, maintained vby guides and which can be moved only in the direction of its length and in line withv the axis of the barrel G. The carrier B has on its rear extremity an arm or rollerh. by means of the cam-groove as the carrier B has accomplished its backward movement, it will besuflicientlyfar back to get behind the cartridge which is in the feeding belt Q.

When' IOC Then by means of la shoulder b2 atthegend of s'lot b3 the lower arm of the lever M 1s carrim; is able to push itforward on its forward motion. A spring m maintainsl the'le'ver M in its normal position. The feed-belt Q 1s so constructed that each cartridge is held byv IID two elastic arms q q2, Fig. l1, the profile of which inclines horizontally, so that when the cartridge is pushed ahead it will vbe lowered. The elastic arms are joined to the feed-belt in any convenient manner, and they may have at their rear extremity a small fiange g3, Fig. 1l, which prevents the cartridge from moving rearward. After leaving the clips the cartridges appear in front of 'the piston or carrier B, and their flanges become by the descent engaged with the extractors b4 b5,F1g. 21. Continuing the movement, the crankhandle U having accomplished half a'turn, the whole system is brought forward and the cam A redescen'ds, pushing the piston B against the cartridge until the cartridge is pushed into the firing position within the barrel. Sliding in grooves in the cam-block Ais the hammer E, Fig. 23. In the cavity e5 in the hammerEis the main-spring F,'which presses the hammer forward. On top and near the end of the hammer is anotch in which the rear of the trigger L engages, the same being held in engagement by the spring l.

IZO

The haml mer E has a lug e2, which slides on the inoline es, that is.formed to the breech-piece C, which forces the hammer to recoil by the rotary motion of the cam-block A. This is' when the notch e is back of the trigger, if the same lowers by the spring Z', and so puts the hammerE in the notch. The trigger-rod O is held to the rear by the spring 03, the resistance of which maybe easily overcome by pressure of the finger. Up to this point I have explained the action of my mitrailleuse as actuated by means of the .handleU, which,

by its continuous rotation,`eifectuates all the ceeding with the first operation `of loading,`

one lifts with the finger the cam-block A by its handle a' the gun is ready to be fired, which is done by pressing the trigger-rod O. The explosion will recoil the barrel, the breechpiece, and all the organs therein contained. This recoil is limitedby the contact of the cog-teeth on the segment azwith the cam and the rack H. All the movements whichI have before stated, in the case where my gun is actuated by the handle U, are reproduced, therefore, in like manner and in the sameorder. Thusafter havingintroduced the feedbelt Q, having raised and lowered the camblock A to throw the rst cartridge into loading position,the mitrailleuse isready for discharge as soon as the'trigger-rod Ois pressed. It is clear that at the moment the first shot is red the whole breech system is thrown back, the cam A will oscillate on its axis I, thereby raising the hammer E, bringing back the carrier B, extracting the dischargedcartridge, and bringing the carrier into a position to push the next cartridgefrom the feed-.beltinto the firing y position, said cartridge having already been brought into loading position by the worm R, which is worked by the lever S, Fig. 24, and the rd T, Fig. 25, said rod participating in the recoil movement of the barrel. These operations once accomplished, the spring X will throw the wholesystem forward, the camblock A will be lowered by the action lof the 5 rack H and push before itthe carrier B,which will introduce the second cartridge into the barrel, the hammer is released and strikes against the firing-pin I), the explosion will then take place, and if one. has continuously pressed on the trigger-rod O the gun will repeatedly be fired until the supply of cartridges I' is exhausted. The feed-belt can be removed at any time by raising the cover P, held placelby the catch p.

I arrange my mechanism as illustrated in Figs. l2, 13, and 14, in which instead of having the carrier B support the recoil of the explosion I'allow the recoilto act directly on the cam-block' 1A, as indicated in Fig. l2, by

reducing the length of the carrier B, which will now serve only for introducing and extracting the cartridges. The whole firing apparatus will therefore beicontained in the cam-block A. In place of employing the rack I-I, I use an axis a4,which engages in a groove which will substitute the toothed segment a2 of the cam-block A. The oscillating movement of the cam-block works exactly as Ihave described above where the toothed rack II is employed.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatfwhat I claim is- I. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination of a block pivoted to the shell of the' gun and provided on its side with a camgroove, a pin on which vsaid block is loosely pivoted and adapted to reciprocate in the direction of its length, a longitudinally-recipro- Ieating carrier, and a stud secured to said caradapted to operate substantially as described,

and for the purposes set forth..

2. In a breech-loading tire-arm, the combination of a block pivoted to the shell of the gun and provided on its side with a camgroove, a pin on which said block is loosely pivoted and adapted to reciprocate in the direction of its length, a longitudinally-reciproeating. carrier, a stud secured to said carrier and adapted to reciprocatein said camgroove, and a spring-hammer adapted to reciprocate in a groove in said cam-block, all said parts being arranged andadapted to operate substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination of a cam-block pivoted to the Ishell of IIO the gun, a pin on'which said block is loosely breech connected with said cam-block, and a firing-rod connected with said cam-block, all said parts being arranged and combined to automatically cock said hammer, substantially as described. 4. In a breech-loading fire-arm, lthe combination, with the breech and barrel of the gun, of a pin I, adj ustably connected with the shell of the gun and adapted to reciprocate in the direction of its length, and a rotary crankhandle connected with said pin, breech, and barrel and adapted to reciprocate the same, and means for automatically closing and opening said breech, substantially as described."

5. In a breech-loading fire-arm, the combination, with the breech and barrel, of an a'djustable pin I, anda rotary crankhandle adapted to reciprocate said breech, barrel, and' pin and means for automatically feeding and vfiring' the cartridges, substantially as de- 7. yIn abreech-loading fire-arm, the combi? nation, with a reciprocating breech and barrel,

of a reciprocating pin I, a cam-blockA, loosely pivoted to said pin, lever NV, pivoted to the shell of the gun and adjustably pivote'd to one end of pin I, geaiateeth a2 on said camblock A, toothed rack II on said breech, and carrier B, said combination being' arranged and adapted to automatically feed and eject continuously a cartridge,substantiallyas described. A f

y 8. In a breech-loading tire-arm, the combination, with an operating crank-handle U, of a reciprocating slide V,provided with the slot ju., adapted to receive one end of reciprocating piniI, all said parts being larranged and adapted to be removably connected with the operating mechanism of thc gun, substantially as described'.

9. In a breechload-ing fire-arm, the combi-- tion of a cartridge. feed-belt, a lgun-barrel, a

cartridge-carrier, a spring .adapted to press upon said belt, and elastic holding-arms secured vto said belt and adapted to depress the cartridge and present it to the carrier, substantially as described.l

l10. In a breech-loading -irearm, the combination of a cartridge feed-belt, a gun-barrel, a cartridge-carrier, a spring adapted to press upon said'belt, elastic holding-arms secured to said belt and adapted to depress the carytridge, and a flange secured to said 'belt between said arms' and adapted to prevent the backward movement of the cartridge, substantially as described.

In witness whereof [have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

OSCAR WILLIAM BERGMAN.

Witnessesz' SAUL RUBY, v GEORG LAURENT, Jr. 

